Neuro-Ophthalmology
Diagnosing vision problems linked to the brain and nervous system
Overview
Neuro-ophthalmology is a subspecialty that addresses visual problems related to the nervous system — including the optic nerve, brain, and visual pathways. It bridges ophthalmology and neurology to diagnose and manage complex conditions.
Many neurological conditions — including multiple sclerosis, brain tumours, strokes, and migraines — can affect vision. Neuro-ophthalmologists use specialised tests to identify the cause and coordinate care with neurologists and neurosurgeons.
Signs & Symptoms
- Sudden vision loss in one or both eyes
- Double vision (diplopia)
- Visual field loss
- Optic nerve swelling (papilloedema)
- Abnormal eye movements
- Drooping eyelid with pupil changes
- Headache with visual disturbance
Causes & Risk Factors
- Optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve)
- Ischaemic optic neuropathy
- Brain tumours or lesions
- Multiple sclerosis
- Stroke affecting visual pathways
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- Myasthenia gravis
Treatment Options
IV Corticosteroids
High-dose intravenous steroids to treat optic neuritis and accelerate visual recovery.
Prism Glasses
Prism lenses to correct double vision (diplopia) caused by eye movement disorders.
Intracranial Pressure Management
Medications or procedures to reduce elevated intracranial pressure causing papilloedema and vision loss.
Botulinum Toxin Injections
Botox injections to treat certain types of strabismus and blepharospasm (involuntary eyelid closure).
Frequently Asked Questions
When should I see a neuro-ophthalmologist?
See a neuro-ophthalmologist if you have sudden vision loss, double vision, visual field loss, or if your eye doctor suspects a neurological cause for your vision problem.
Is optic neuritis serious?
Optic neuritis can be serious as it is often associated with multiple sclerosis. Early treatment with steroids can speed recovery. Most patients regain good vision.